Corrections, Retractions and Expressions of Concern
The Polaris Global Journal of Scholarly Research and Trends (PGJSRT) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, and transparency of the scholarly record.
CORRECTIONS
PGJSRT may publish a formal correction where an error affects:
• Article metadata
• Authorship information
• Data presentation
• Interpretation
• Figures or tables
• References
• Other aspects of the publication
A correction is appropriate where the error does not invalidate the work as a whole.
Correction notices will:
• Be clearly identified
• Explain the nature of the correction
• Be permanently linked to the original article
• Receive appropriate bibliographic metadata
RETRACTIONS
An article may be retracted where reliable evidence demonstrates that:
• Findings are unreliable because of serious error
• Findings are unreliable because of research misconduct
• Plagiarism has occurred
• Redundant or duplicate publication has occurred
• Data or results were fabricated or falsified
• Serious ethical violations have occurred
• Peer review or publication processes were seriously compromised
• Another serious integrity problem makes continued reliance on the article inappropriate
RETRACTION NOTICE
A retraction notice should:
• Clearly identify the retracted article
• Explain the reason for retraction
• Identify who is retracting the article
• Be linked permanently to the original publication
• Remain freely accessible
The original article should normally remain accessible as part of the scholarly record but be clearly marked as retracted.
EXPRESSIONS OF CONCERN
An Expression of Concern may be issued where serious questions exist concerning a publication but:
• Available evidence is inconclusive
• An institutional investigation is ongoing
• A final determination cannot yet reasonably be made
An Expression of Concern does not automatically mean that misconduct has been established.
METADATA
Where a correction, retraction, or Expression of Concern is issued, relevant DOI and bibliographic metadata should be updated where appropriate.
EDITORIAL PROCESS
Post-publication actions will be based on evidence, due process, publication-ethics principles, and the need to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.
